Structure and Working Principle of Speakers in Audio System

In a complete sound system, a lot of components are needed, in which the Speaker is one of the indispensable devices in the sound system, so what do you know about the Speaker and its structure? , is it as simple as what we see about it? To learn more about speakers, please refer to this article of ours.

Speaker is a device in an audio system, whose job is to emit sound by converting electrical signals (Electrical Waves) into audio signals (Sound Waves) and reproduce the sound transmitted to the listener's ears.

• An electric wave is the oscillation and change of the power source during the transmission, which is a continuous cyclic or non-periodic change of voltage and current.
• Sound waves are vibrations of sound through particles of matter and transmitted to the listener's ears (Sound waves do not propagate in a vacuum).

✅ Structure And Working Principle Of Speakers

The structure of a speaker is quite simple, including three main parts: Loudspeaker, Speaker Box, Filter Circuit. Each department will take on a certain important task. We invite you to learn more about each speaker's components in the content below:

✔ Speaker driver

What is a speaker? (English name: Driver) is an important part of the speaker and is the soul of every speaker. It has the function of emitting sound by converting electrical wave signal to sound wave signal by moving the diaphragm.

Structure and working principle of the speaker:

In a complete Loudspeaker, there will be 6 small components: the frame, the frame, the cobweb, the magnet, the voice coil and the diaphragm.

• Frame: It is responsible for attaching the components of the speaker together, there are many materials to produce the frame such as cast aluminum, double stamping iron or plastic to reduce the cost of sales. out. Depending on the type of manufacturing material, the back part can be sealed or left open. The frame material is a factor for speaker manufacturers to affirm the class and value of their products.
• Shrink (Surround or edge): The function of the shrug is to keep airtight and create flexibility and flexibility for the speaker. Drums cannot emit sound, but they have the ability to affect the quality of the sound when emitted. And the reason why this is so is that based on the material they are made from, ruffles are usually made from materials such as paper and fabric folded together to form a thick, hard and smooth layer. This affects the specifications of the speaker quite a lot, if the rim gets wet, it will be easy to tear and force us to replace another type of edging and this leads to a very loud sound when emitted. different from the original.
• Spider web: In the speaker, the cobweb plays a very important role, and is the part that must work the most. When the electrical signal is input, the spider web will act like a fast-moving spring to transmit the signal and then return to the equilibrium position to receive the next signal and continue to transmit the signal. The oscillation of the driver depends greatly on how fast or slow the spider's web is to receive the signal. In addition, the spider web is also an important factor determining the quality of the driver and the sound durability of a speaker over time.
• Magnet has a circular structure that is fixed at the rear end of the speaker, the center of the magnet is in line with the center of the copper coil and the center of the diaphragm. The main effect of the magnet is to create a magnetic force that interacts with the copper coil to create sound pulses and these pulses will oscillate continuously and impact the diaphragm to emit sound. The larger the magnet mass, the higher the intensity and energy of the speaker will be. Especially, it helps to make the speaker's heat dissipation more perfect when operating at high sound intensity. That is, the large magnet block, the price of these speakers will also be more expensive. There are three main types of magnets on the market today: Alcohol, Ferrite and Neodymium.
• Speaker cone (Voice coil): The speaker cone is composed of a metal core that is a cylindrical tube (usually made of heat-resistant plastic) combined with copper wires wrapped around it. This cone is placed in the magnetic gap. The smaller this magnetic slot, the higher the word density, the more special the sound quality. The speaker cone is a highly heat-resistant part when an electric current passes, so it is covered with glue to fix it with a metal core to create certainty.
• Diaphragm: Diaphragm is one of the important parts that decide whether a speaker is good or not. The diaphragm determines the nuance as well as the sound quality of a speaker. The diaphragm on the market today is mostly made of paper, plastic, metal, wood... In, depending on the production unit and the demand for different user objects, the diaphragm material will make appropriate changes.

>>>>> LEARN MORE: Factors affecting speaker quality

Working Principle of Loudspeakers:

When there is an incoming current, the magnet will create magnetic fields, these magnetic forces will act to make the coil move in and out continuously according to the motor oscillation. The sound coil when moving will drag the diaphragm to move along because these two parts are attached to each other, the cobweb part is also attached to the voice coil, so the spider web will have the same frequency as the membrane's vibration frequency. speaker and help the movement of the diaphragm become more rhythmic. Both parts (Diamond, spider web) are attached to the frame, the frame will help keep the diaphragm fixed. When the moving diaphragm acts on the air in front of the speaker, it vibrates, from which the sound signal (Sound Wave) is generated. The current will change direction continuously with the changing frequency, creating different bass and treble. It is for that reason that you can choose the most appropriate speaker arrangement in the sound system.

Speaker classification:

Drivers are divided into three main types: Bass, Mid, and Treble

• Bass driver: has the function of emitting sound with a low or very low-frequency range, about 500 Hz or less, maybe even below 20Hz. Drums or bombs falling in movies are the most mentioned objects when it comes to the subwoofer, also known as the Subwoofer.
• Cu Mid: also has a number of other names such as: Speaker Mid or Squawker has the function of emitting medium and medium frequency sounds, which is the range that is most easily heard by the human ear in the 250 frequency range. -2,000Hz.
• Treble tuber: The function of this type of speaker is to emit sound with a high-frequency range such as: the color of the instrument, the effect of broken glass, ... in the frequency range of about 2,000Hz-20,000Hz. Especially with the Super tweeter line - The super tweeter has a very high-frequency range, up to 100,000Hz

✔ Speaker Box

Speaker cabinet is an indispensable part of all speakers, the main speaker box is a box (cabinet, cabinet) to place the drivers and filter circuit inside, the speaker cabinets must be properly designed to help The sound wave resonates best and directs the sound wave according to the designer's requirements.

There are many factors that affect the construction of a speaker cabinet: Size, material, thickness and coatings on the surface of the cabinet... These things have a big impact on the sound quality. speaker output. In addition, the space inside the cabinet also has a certain important influence on the operation of the speaker.
The Speaker Box is not simply a part to place and fix the component system inside, but also is considered a decoration with diversity and uniqueness in design ideas.

Speaker box types:

The saying: "The box is good, the speaker is new" has shown how important the cabinet is. Normally, loudspeaker enclosures come in two main forms: closed enclosures and open enclosures.

Closed speaker cabinet

True to its name, the Sealed Enclosure is designed to be completely sealed so that air cannot enter from the outside and vice versa no matter what shape it is in. Often closed enclosures will have low performance but compensate for the sound quality in the balanced frequency ranges.

Open speaker box

Open Type Speaker Box, also known as a bass reflex, is a fairly popular speaker on the market today. It is designed with an additional vent port on the front or back of the cabinet. This port has the effect of circulating air from the outside to help improve the speaker's performance. The highlight of the open cabinet is the ability to spread strong sound.

But it is important to note that when using a speaker cabinet with an open rear port when placed near a wall, it should be at least 20cm away from the surface to ensure that the steam is released for optimal efficiency. The front open gate is more comfortable in the problem of finding the installation location.

✔ Speaker Filter Circuit

The filter circuit (the crossover or the crossover) is a part inside the speaker, responsible for separating, dividing and classifying the appropriate frequency bands to bring to the drivers: Bass, Treble, Mid, to reproduce sound. the best that a speaker can output (The sound is clear, without distortion and the loudness of the sound intensity is just enough to hear). The filter circuit helps to protect the speaker from burning out the speaker.

✅ Suggest 5 World Famous Speaker Brands

✔ JBL brand speakers

JBL is a famous American speaker brand, founded by James Bullough Lansing in 1946. But now JBL is owned by Harman International. JBL's original products were just speakers and a few other ancillary devices, but with its strong growth, JBL has become a famous company specializing in manufacturing world-leading audio equipment with a wide variety of products. products and well serve the tastes of users. That's why JBL conquers users worldwide. Some popular JBL product codes such as: CV1070, Pasion 12, KP6012 Ba Sao, RM12,...

✔ Yamaha brand speakers

Widely known as a brand with many years of experience in the field of manufacturing audio technology products and musical instruments, Yamaha has been loved and trusted by customers around the world for its quality. and reasonable price. In particular, Yamaha's business philosophy is more prominent: The customer is king, bringing the best products to customers and improving the quality of life of people around the world. Some popular Yamaha product codes such as: KMS 710, NS-777, Stagepas 1K, NS P350,...

✔ Bose brand speakers

The Bose brand is headquartered in Framingham, West of Boston, USA and was founded by Mr. Amar Bose. Bose specializes in providing product lines such as: Sound filters in theaters, subwoofers, high-power treble speakers equipped for stadiums, car stereos, music rooms with Very good sound quality, bringing melodious music full of attraction. The goal of bringing users the best quality products, plus breakthrough technology has helped Bose quickly assert its name in the US in particular and the world in general. Some popular Bose product codes such as: 301 series V, Acoustimass 6 series V, Wave SoundTouch IV,...

✔ BMB . brand speakers

Launched in 1988, up to now, BMB's products have been well received by users all over the world and are extremely satisfied with the variety of models, designs, sizes and especially prices. With the feature of integrating many different types of frequency bands to help perfect sound processing, stable quality and smoothest sound. In general, the speaker line of BMB is highly appreciated because it can meet many different needs of users. Some popular product codes of BMB such as: CSD 880 SE, SD 2000, CSP 6000 SE, CSH-200SE,...

✔ Tannoy brand speakers

Founded in 1926 in London, England, Tannoy has won an important place in the hearts of audiophiles. With careful censorship along with constant efforts, Tannoy's products are increasingly outstanding in both appearance and quality, promising to always bring the best quality products, the best designs. to the user. Some popular Tannoy product codes such as: TKT 105, Revolution XT 6F, GRF 90, DC 10 TI, Kensington GR,...

Through our sharing about Speaker, you have somewhat understood the structure and basic operation of a speaker, right? If you have any questions or want to learn more information, please contact us at 0985.999.345.