What is Amplifier? Structure And Working Principle

Are you using an amp for your orchestra? So what do you know about Amplifiers to use effectively with speakers in the sound system? Please refer to the following article to learn about the structure and operating principle of an Amplifier (amplifier).

✅ What is Amplifier?

Amplifier's full name is Amplifier, which is a device in the audio system, which has the effect of receiving input electrical signals, processing and amplifying the signal (audio signal), giving a signal much larger than that. time. The amplifier is a device in the middle of the audio system to help transmit the signal better.

✅ Basic Structure And Operating Principle Of The Amplifier

✔ Basic structure of the amplifier

The amplifier is composed of 3 parts including Power supply, pre-amplifier and power amplifier circuit

• Power supply: This is the most important part for Amply whose function is to convert a given power source. The power supply has a size proportional to the power recorded on the amp. The bigger the power supply, the more power that amp has. In addition, it also plays an important role in sound quality through power stability and anti-interference ability. The power supply will convert 110V, 220V grid power to a lower voltage of about 30-70V. Then go through the rectifier and filter capacitor to the symmetrical DC voltage...
• The preamp or pre-amplifier is the central station in the system. It takes on the role of receiving (very small) input signals from source devices to amplify a large enough signal to feed into the power amplifier.
• A power amplifier circuit is an electronic circuit that has the function of taking a signal from an amplifier to increase the signal's magnitude by power scallops (the signal here is generally understood as an electrical signal including current and voltage) and transmitting it to sound-emitting devices such as speakers or headphones.

✔ Working principle of the amp

The principle of operation of the amplifier can be understood simply as follows: When an audio signal is an input into the amplifier. After that, it will go through filters to help process the basic signal. Then the audio signal continues to pass through the impedances ® these impedances are responsible for adjusting the volume and transferring the audio signal to the preamplifier. The preamplifier will amplify the larger audio signal and then pass it through the power pods in the amplifier. In this case, the cathode and anode power poles will pull and push each other to amplify the audio signal many times larger and then transmit it to the external speaker.

✅ Factors Affecting The Quality Of Ampli

There are many different types of amplifiers on the market today. So how can you choose a suitable amp? Then you should pay attention to the following factors:

✔ Amplifier operating power and Class type in the amplifier circuit.

Amplifier power is the ability to operate and withstand the amplifier in a certain time (W). Amplifier operating power is divided into two concepts: Real power RMS (Root Mean Squared) and peak output power PMPO (Peak Music Power Output).

• Real power RMS (Root Mean Squared): Is the actual power that the amplifier can achieve.
• Peak Music Power Output (PMPO): is the maximum output sound power that the device can achieve in a short time. If the amplifier operates for too long at this power level, it will easily lead to overload and explosion of the amplifier and speakers. This peak power level can be 2 to 5 times greater than the actual power of the amplifier. The power of the amplifier depends on two factors: the capacity and technology of the amplifier type.
• Scallop capacity: Also known as transistor, this is the factor that helps amplify the signal to a certain level, deciding the power of the amplifier. The more power clamshell, the larger the amp's capacity and vice versa. (different types of clams give different power levels)

With small power amplifiers such as family karaoke amplifiers, the number of clams depends on the capacity of each product line. With larger power amplifiers, it is imperative to increase the number of shells due to the need for greater audio signal processing. However, with the development of technology, the capacity clamshell has been designed to be compact to make the apparatus less cumbersome. So for amply, large and small capacity depends not only on the number of cockles but also on many other technical factors.

• Amplifier type technology: The technologies applied in Amplifier are collectively known as Class, Class is the ratio of input power and output power of an Amp. On the same input power, the larger the output power, the less power the amplifier consumes and gives a large capacity, but distortion will occur with a larger amplitude. Class is divided into many different types and each type will have its own symbol, and the sound quality of each class is also evaluated differently. The most commonly used Class types on the market today include: Class H, Class I, Class D and Class A:
• Class H: is an additional amplifier circuit that enhances the output signal, achieving high operating efficiency and reducing distortion. The advantage of Class H is that it is used for amplifiers in large spaces such as stages, halls, etc. requiring large capacity, low heat generation and low power consumption.
• Class I: is an amplifier designed with advanced technology to deliver more power than other amplifiers with less waste. The advantages of Class I are low heat generation, operating efficiency greater than 90% of power consumption and compact size.
• Class D: is a class widely used in mobile equipment, this amplifier series has the advantages of high efficiency and extremely low power consumption. Compared to other amps, the efficiency of Class D is 80%, peaking can reach 97%. However, Class D still has a few disadvantages: it cannot reproduce the original audio signal in the most faithful way. Currently, designers are trying to make Class D amplifiers with the lowest distortion. However, it still needs time to update the technology in the near future.

• Class A: An amplifier designed for low efficiency, only about 20%, the remaining 80% of the power is dissipated as heat on the power clamshell or electronic lights, so it is very hot when running. For example: When we supply 100W of power, the audio power is 20W, the remaining 80W has been lost as heat. Because of the extremely small distortion, the natural sound quality of Class A is highly appreciated. Class A amplifier is a type of circuit used a lot in small-signal amplifier stages, or low power frequency bands for listening with headphones.

✔ The number of channels of the amp

Amplifiers come in many varieties. People based on many characteristics to classify Amply, such as: Number of channels, configuration, amplification technology and power, the purpose of use. Depending on different uses, customers will choose different amp types, and the most commonly considered factor is the number of channels. The higher the number of channels, the greater the capacity of the operation. There are two most common types of Amplifiers: 2-channel Amplifier and 4-channel Amplifier:

• 2-channel amplifier: An amplifier with an output channel of 2 channels, which can be connected to 2 or more speakers, giving listeners great sound quality.
• 4-channel amplifier: An amplifier with an output of 4 channels, allowing to connection up to many speakers (provided that the impedance of the speakers is not lower than the operating impedance that the amplifier allows: eg 2Ω, 4Ω, 8Ω). The 4-channel amplifier is often used for karaoke systems, home or business music.

✔ Impedance that allows amp operation and how to connect to speakers

Impedance is a measure of the degree of resistance to the flow of an electrical circuit. The smaller the operational impedance of the amplifier, the better the amp works and vice versa. Based on the data of the power source, one can customize how to connect to the speaker set appropriately.

There are two basic ways to pair speakers and amplifiers: parallel pairing and serial pairing

The way to connect in parallel has the following formula for calculating the total impedance:

1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 +… + 1/R (n)

For example, in parallel for 2 speakers with a resistance of 8Ω, the total impedance of the 2 speakers is:

1/R= + = => R = 4Ω

The way to connect in series has the formula to calculate the total impedance as:

Total impedance (R) = R1 + R2 + R3 +… + R (n)

For example, in series for two speakers with a resistance of 8Ω, the total impedance of the two speakers is:

R= 8 + 8 = 16Ω

For example An Amplifier reaches 1200W - 4Ω (4Ω is the lowest operating impedance) or reaches 1000W - 8Ω, combining the impedances of speakers with a capacity of 250W (8Ω) for optimal operation of the amplifier.

Calculation: Based on the given data, it is easy to calculate that in order for the amplifier to operate at full capacity, you need to connect 2 speakers in series and in parallel with 2 speakers as shown:

Then 1/R = 1/(R1+R2) + 1/(R3+R4)

=> R=8

=> The power of 4 speakers is 250*4 = 1000W

Note that when pairing speakers with amplifiers, the impedance of the speakers must be higher than the allowable impedance of the amplifier, so there is no problem. But if the impedance of the speaker is lower than the allowable impedance of the amplifier, it can damage the amplifier.

✔ Speaker Sensitivity

Sensitivity is a parameter that tells you how loud a speaker is likely to be in the same standard rated environment and under the same input voltage.

With a certain input power level, the greater the sensitivity of the speaker, the smaller the power of the amplifier, and vice versa, if the speaker has low sensitivity, it is necessary to use Amplifiers with large power so that they can compensate for the loss of power. together.

Therefore, when choosing amplifier equipment, we need to pay attention to the sensitivity of the speakers to choose the type of amplifier with the appropriate power.

For example, some speakers have a sensitivity of only about 81 dB. That means with 1 W of input power, the speaker only comes out at a moderate volume. The reason is that if you want to increase the output volume by 3dB you need to double the input power. That is, if you want 84dB sound intensity you will need 2 W input. Just like that, if you want 102dB sound, you need to supply 128 W to the speaker.

✔ Sound Reproduction

Sound reproduction is the ability to produce tonal quality. Depending on the technology that the manufacturer uses to design the power circuit, the sound produced is also different.

✅ Suggest 5 reputable Amplifier manufacturers in the world

• Crown: Crown is a subsidiary of the famous American Harman audio group. Currently, Crown has marketed many different amplifier product lines to suit the tastes of consumers, including popular amplifier product lines such as: Crown XLi 800 Amplifier, Crown XLi 3500 Amplifier, Amplifier Crown XLi 3500. Crown XLi 2500, Crown XLi 1500 Amplifier, Crown XLC2500 Amplifier, Crown XLC1002 Amplifier...
• QSC company: is a famous company in the world in the design and manufacture of American professional sound systems. Some popular amplifier products of QSC company are: Amplifier QSC PLX1104, Amplifier QSC PLX1802, Amplifier QSC PLX1804, Amplifier QSC PLX3102...
• Behringer is an audio equipment manufacturing company founded in 1989 in Germany. Behringer is ranked as the 14th largest manufacturer of audio equipment and musical instruments in the world. In which Amplifier is a device invented and developed by Behringer to have more and more product lines to meet the needs of customers, popular product lines such as: Behringer ACX-900 Amplifier, Behringer Europower EP2000 Amplifier, Amplifier Behringer iNUKE NU6000, Amplifier Behringer Ultrabass BVT5500H...
• Amply Marantz: Marantz is a company that develops and sells high-end audio products. Established in New York. The famous and popular Marantz amplifier lines are searched by the majority of customers such as: SC + SM7 - SM8 and SM9, Marantz 74-84 - 94, 1150, 1150MKII, 1250...
• Emotiva is a brand from the US. The popular product lines of this company are: PA-DR1, XPA-DR2, XPA-DR3, BasX A-300, BasX TA-100...

Above is all the information about the amplifier that Hoang Sa Viet wants to send to customers and businesses. Hope this information is really useful to help customers choose the most suitable amplifier line for their individuals, organizations and businesses. For more information and consultation, customers can contact the phone number 0985.999.345